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Meeting 22

Passive Verb Formation The passive forms of a verb are created by combining a form of the "to be verb" with the past participle of the main verb. Other helping verbs are also sometimes present: "The measure could have been killed in committee." The passive can be used, also, in various tenses. Let's take a look at the passive forms of "design." Tense Subject Auxiliary Past Participle Singular Plural Present The car/cars is are designed. Present perfect The car/cars has been have been designed. Past The car/cars was were designed. Past perfect The car/cars had been had been designed. Future The car/cars will be will be designed. Future perfect The car/cars will have been will have been designed. Present progressive The car/cars is being are being designed. Past progressive The car/cars was being were being designed. A sentence cast in the passive voice will not always include an agent of the action. For inst

Meeting 21

in today's meeting we have Narrative text Read another story and identify its text structure in the table that follow. The Fox and the Crow A crow, perched in a tree with a piece of cheese in his beak, attracted the eye and nose of a fox. "If you can sing as prettily as you sit," said the fox, "then you are the prettiest singer within my scent and sight." The fox had read somewhere, and somewhere, and somewhere else, that praising the voice of a crow with a cheese in his beak would make him drop the cheese and sing. But this is not what happened to this particular crow in this particular case. "They say you are sly and they say you are crazy," said the crow, having carefully removed the cheese from his beak with the claws of one foot, "but you must be nearsighted as well. Warblers wear gay hats and colored jackets and bright vest, and they are a dollar a hundred. I wear black and I am unique. "I am sure you are," sa

Meeting 20

Narrative Text   You have learned about Narrative text, so let's review again about Narrative text! Read the following story aloud. The Legend of Beowulf Once upon a time, there was a horrible monster called Grendel. He was half-man and half-monster. He lived in Denmark. One day, he went to the King's castle. The king and his men tried to kill the monster but their swords were useless. A knight called Beowulf heard about the problem and went to Denmark to help the king. That night, Beowulf and his men took off their armour and put away their swords and went to sleep. The monster came into the castle and killed a knight. Beowulf woke up and fought the monster-he pulled off an arm! Grendel went back to his home in a lake and died. Grendel's mother was very angry and the next night she went to the castle and killed a knight. In the morning, Beowulf went to the lake. He killed Grendel's mother with a special sword. When he came back, the king was very

Meeting 17

I. Read the following text and choose the correct answer to the questions that follow. Giving gifts is a well-known way to show our attention toward somebody else. Moreover, giving gifts may be important for certain special moments. Unusual or even weird gifts would leave a sweet memory for us and the recipient. So, try these tips to find something unusual as your gifts.  Look for gifts wherever you find yourself, especially when you were on a trip. From a bazaar in Bandung to atag sale in Berlin.  Use the Internet. Follow links until you find what you want.  Track down items such as rare prints, out-of-print books or antiques in the auction.  Give a welcome service. A massage, costume makeovers, a day at the spa, or romantic dinner will be a nice welcome gift.  Combine one or two things for a spectacular effect. The picture frame that you bought in Bali might provide the perfect background for showing off the portrait of the recipient. Come to a handicrafts store an

Meeting 13

Procedure Text The definition of procedure text: Texts that explain how something works or how to use instruction / operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape recorder, the photocopier, the fax. Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity e.g. recipes, rules for games, science experiments, road safety rules.  Texts that deal with human behaviour, e.g how to live happily, how to succeed. The generic structures of procedure text Goal  Material needed  Steps / methods  Example of Procedure Text HOW TO MAKE A CUP OF COFFEE Ingredients  - 2 spoons of sugar  - one spoon of coffee powder  - hot water  - a cup  - a spoon Steps : 1.  Prepare two spoons of sugar, a cup, hot water, one spoon of coffee powder, a spoon. 2. Put one spoon of coffee powder into the cup. 3. Pour some hot water into the cup. 4. Add 2 spoons of sugar into a cup of coffee 5. Stir it well and the hot coffee is ready to drink    HOW TO M

Meeting 10

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Simple Past FORM [Verb+ed] or irregular verbs Examples: You called Debbie. Did you call Debbie? You did not call Debbie. Complete List of Simple Past Forms USE 1 Completed Action in the Past Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind. Examples: I saw a movie yesterday. I didn't see a play yesterday. Last year, I traveled to Japan. Last year, I didn't travel to Korea. Did you have dinner last night? She washed her car. He didn't wash his car. USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on. Examples: I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim. He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9

Meeting 7

Narrative Text What is Narrative? 1.      Definition of Narrative Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell stories or past events and entertain the readers. 2.      Generic Structure of Narrative A narrative text consists of the following structure: Orientation: Introducing the participants and informing the time and the place Complication: Describing the rising crises which the participants have to do with Resolution: Showing the way of participant to solve the crises, better or worse 3.      Language Features of Narrative Using processes verbs Using temporal conjunction Using Simple Past Tense Read the passage and answer the question below! A Story about Red "Rosaura! Rosaura!" If you were tall enough, you might have seen a little splash of red in the tall grass. And if you had looked closer you might have seen a small girl wearing a red ribbon. Rosaura was hiding from her mother and fath